Exploring Miniaturization in Bioelectronic Medical Devices

Exploring Miniaturization in Bioelectronic Medical Devices Introduction  In 1958 an external pacemaker was introduced, 65 years later the leadless pacemakers are on the market. Over that period the volume of the pacemaker was reduced by 99.8%, the weight was reduced by 99.3%, all while adding additional functionality such as rate responsive pacing, wireless programmability, increased […]